Cylabs
  • 😊Welcome to CyLabs
  • 101 Series
    • Cyber Security 101
      • Introduction to Cyber Security and core concepts
      • Getting Started into Cyber Security Career
      • Online Cybersecurity Practice Labs to Sharpen Your Skills
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              • Metasploit Framework
              • Jenkins Servers: Identifying Vulnerabilities and Exploiting Unauthenticated Access with Groovy Scrip
              • Securing Your Network: Printer Vulnerabilities, LDAP Exploits, and Defense Strategies
              • SSH for Red Teaming and Security Analysis
              • Operating Systems for Penetration Testing: Enhancing Your Cybersecurity Arsenal
              • Hacking Notes
                • Phineas Fisher
        • Cyber News
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        • Cybersecurity Courses and Certifications: Trends in 2024
        • ISACs: Enhancing Cybersecurity through Collaboration and Information Sharing
        • Global and National Cybersecurity Agencies: Guardians of the Digital Realm
        • Cyber Security News Feed Resources
    • Kubernetes 101
    • Web 101
    • Operating Systems
      • Linux 101
        • Linux Kernel
        • Basic Commands and Usage
          • Shell Commands
        • Linux File System
        • apt
        • su and sudo
        • File Search
        • Linux Services
        • Networking
          • Netcat
        • Corn Jobs
        • Shell Scripting
        • Linux OS API's
      • Windows 101
        • Windows system calls
        • Windows Event Logs and IDs
        • Windows UAC
        • Windows Registry
        • Windows Bit Locker
        • Volume Shadow Copy Service
        • Windows OS API's
    • Building the Security Lab
      • Virtualization with Virtual Box
        • Installing and setting Virtual Box
        • Vritual Box Networking
      • Home Lab Setup
        • PF Sense Installation
        • Ubuntu Installation
        • Metasploit Installation
        • Kali Linux Installation
    • Fundamentals of Programming
      • Python 101
      • Powershell 101
      • SQL 101
    • AI/ML and Data Science for Cyber Security and Analytics
    • IT Infrastructure and Hardware
    • Governance, Risk and Compliance
    • Networking 101
      • Network Packets and Frames
      • Network Switches and Routers: The Backbone of Connectivity
      • Network Security Devices and Strategies
      • Network Design and Architecture: A Foundation for Robust Connectivity
      • Specialized Network Equipment and Functions
      • Network Traffic Management and Analysis
      • Advanced Networking Concepts
      • ARP and RARP
      • How DNS, HTTP and HTTPS works
      • Understanding the Basics of Networking
  • Introduction to Cyber Security Operations
    • Security Architecture and Engineering
      • Security Controls
        • Preventive
        • Deterrent
        • Detective
        • Corrective
        • Compensating
        • Directive
    • GRC
      • Information Security and Risk Management
        • Risk Management
        • Supply Chain Risk Management
        • Governance
        • Asset Management
        • Cyber Security Road Map
        • Cyber Security Controls
        • Cyber Security Strategy and Architecture
        • Cyber Security Architecture
        • Risk Assessment and Security Questionnaire
        • Ransomware Prevention
        • Gap Assessment
        • Principle of Least Privilege
      • Governance
      • Asset Security
      • Communication and Network Security
      • Identity and Access Management
      • Security Assessment and Testing
      • Security Operations
      • Software Development Security
      • Security Baselines
      • Security Reporting
      • Data Loss Prevention
      • Zero Trust
      • MFA
      • Compliance
    • Security Policies and Procedures
    • Offensive Security
      • Stages of Penetration Testing
    • Cyber Defense
      • Security Operations Center (SOC)
        • SOC Architecture Development with ELK Stack:
      • Different Classes of Threat Actor
    • Security Principles, Controls and Strategies
      • Defense in Depth
      • Least Privilege
      • Zero Trust
  • Cyber Security Assessment
    • Planning and Scoping
      • Security Engagement
      • Security Assessment Questionaire
      • Who Targeting you
    • Reconnaissance
      • Active Recon
        • Tools
          • NMAP
          • Maascan
          • Recon-NG
          • Maltego
          • Spider Foot
          • Whois
          • TraceRoute
          • Amass
          • The Harvester
          • Nslookup
          • DNS Dumpster
          • BloodHound
          • Relay Attacks
          • Packet Crafting
          • NMAP+Proxychains+TOR
      • Passive Reconnaissance
        • Network Sniffing
          • Wireshark
          • TCPDump
        • Whois (online services)
        • EMail Account Enumeration
          • Hunter.io
        • Search Engine Analysis
          • Google Hacking Database
          • Shodan
          • Censys.io
        • Information Disclousre
        • Banner Grabbing
        • HTML Scrapping
        • Certificate Transparency Logs
        • Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
          • Ship OSINT
          • Social Media
          • Code Repositories
          • Darkweb Analysis
          • DNS
          • Cached Pages
          • Password Dumps
          • Anonymity
    • Enumeration
      • OS Finger Printing
      • Service Discovery
      • Protocol Enumeration
      • DNS Enumeration
      • FTP Service
      • HTTP/HTTPS
      • WMI
      • DCOM
      • RPC Remote Procedure Call
      • Directory Enumeration
      • Host Discovery
      • Share Enumeration
        • SMB
      • Local User Enumeration
      • Email Account Enumeration
      • SSH Service
      • Wireless Enumeration
        • Wigle.net
        • InSSIDer
        • Aircrack-ng
      • Permission Enumeration
      • Secrets Enumeration
        • Passwords
        • Session Tokens
        • Cloud Access Keys
      • Attack Path Mapping
      • VNC
      • Web Application Firewall
      • Wordpress Scan
      • Remote Desktop Protocol
      • SNMP
      • SMTP
      • Web Crawling
        • Platform Plugins
        • Sitemap
        • Robots.txt
      • Active Directory Enumeration
    • Vulnerability Assessment and Management
      • Terminology
      • Vulnerability Database
      • Vulnerability Scoring
        • CWE
        • CVSS
        • CVE
        • EPSS
      • Vulnerability Scan
        • Authenticated vs Unauthenticated Scans
        • OS Security Assessment
        • Tenable
        • Nikto
        • Open VAS
      • Exploit Databases
      • Tools
        • Tenable.IO
        • Open VAS
    • Exploitation
      • Attack Surface and Target Prioritization
        • High Valued Assets and Identification
        • Vulnerability Metrics
        • End of Life Softwares
        • Default Configuration
        • Running Services
        • Vulnerable Encryption Methods
        • Defensive Capabilities
        • Attack Path
      • Attack Types
        • Network Attacks
          • Virtual LAN Hopping
          • Packet Crafting
            • Attacks Scenario
          • Default Credentials
          • On-Path / Man in the Middle Attacks
          • Certificate Services Attacks
      • Host Based Attacks
        • Privilege Escalation
        • Credential Dumping
        • Shell Escape
        • UAC Bypass
        • Payload Obfuscation
        • Endpoint Security Bypass
        • Process Hallowing
        • Log Tampering
        • DLL Injection
        • Service Path Injection
      • Authentication Attacks
        • LDAP Injection
        • SAML Attacks
        • Open ID Connect Attacks
        • Dictionary Attacks
        • Credential Stuffing
        • MFA Fatigue
        • Pass the Hash attacks
        • Kerberos Attacks
        • Pass the Ticket Attacks
      • Vulnerable Encryption Methods
      • Tools
        • Metsploit
        • Netcat
        • LOLbins
        • Mimikatz
        • Rubeus
        • Certify
        • AD Search
        • Powerview
        • SeaBelt
        • Evil winRM
        • PSEXEC
        • Powersploit
        • Metasploit
        • Impacket
        • Responder
        • CrackMapExec
        • Msfvenom
        • Responder
        • Searhsploit
        • Powersploit
      • Password Attacks
        • Password Cracking
        • Password Spraying
        • Tools
          • Medusa
          • Burpsuite
          • John the Ripper
          • Hydra
          • Hashcat
        • Password Attacks
    • Lateral Movement
      • Relay Creation
      • String Searches
      • Service Discovery
      • Tunneling
        • SSH Tunneling
      • Pivoting
      • Exfiltration
        • DNS
        • HTTPS
        • EMail
        • Cloud Storage
      • Tools
        • sshuttle
        • Page 1
    • Post Exploitation
      • Persistance
        • Scheduled Taks
        • Bind Shell
        • Registry Keys
        • C2 Frameworks
        • Tampering Security Controls
        • Back Door
          • Trojan
          • Root Kit
          • Web Shell
        • Searching Valid Account Credetials
        • New Account Creation
        • Reverse Shell
        • Service Creation
        • Cron Jobs
      • Command and Control
    • Reporting
  • Cybersecurity Frameworks and Standards
    • CREST
    • CIS
    • NIST Publications
      • NIST SP 800-171
      • NIST CSF
      • NIST SP 800-115
    • MITRE
      • MITRE D3FEND
      • MITRE ATT&CK
    • Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES)
    • OWASP Top 10
    • Purdue Model
    • Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM)
    • Council of Registered Ethical Security Testers (CREST)
    • Zero Trust
    • CMMC
    • Threat Modeling Frameworks
      • STRIDE
      • OCTAVE
      • DREAD
    • Mitigation Strategies
      • Network Segmentaion
      • Access Control
      • Application Control
      • Isolation Techniques
      • Default Password Changes
      • Host based firewall
      • Protocol blocking
      • Port blocking
      • Host based intrusion prevention
      • Endpoint Management
      • Decommissioning
      • Configuration Management
      • Least Privilege
      • Logging
      • Monitoring
      • Encryption
      • Patching
    • Security Governance
      • Data and System: Roles and Responsiblities
      • Security Policies
        • Access Use Policy
      • Security Standards
        • Access Control
        • Encryption
        • Password
      • Security Procedures
        • Change Management
  • Security Domains
    • Security Designing
    • Application Security
      • Cryptographic Attacks
      • Password Attacks
      • Web Application Security
        • Enumeration
          • Cookie and Header Security Review
        • Bruteforce Attack
        • Directory Traversal
        • Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR)
        • Session Hijacking
        • File Inclusion Attacks
          • LFI
          • Webshell
          • RFI
        • Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
        • Deserialization Attacks
        • Command Injection
        • Server Side Template Injection
        • Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
        • SQL Injection
          • Union Based SQL Injection
          • Blind SQL Injection
        • Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
        • XML External Entity (XXE)
        • File Upload Vulnerabilites
        • Remote Code Execution (RCE)
        • Tools
          • Hetty
      • OWASP TOP 10 API
        • API Abuse
        • JWT Token manipulation
        • Graph QL security
        • API security
      • OWASP Top 10 Mobile
      • OWASP Top 10 IOT
      • Web Application Security
        • Getting Started in BugBounty Hutning
        • Subdomain Enumeration
        • Subdomain Takeover: Understanding the Risks and Prevention
        • Tools and Technologies
      • Microservices
      • WPscan
        • Burpsuite
        • Ffuf
        • Gobuster
        • Postman
        • Dirbuster
        • Wfuzz
        • ZAP
      • Tools
        • BurpSuite
        • SQLmap
    • Cloud Security
      • Metadata Service Attacks
      • IAM misconfigurations
      • Tools
        • Pacu
        • Prowler
        • Scoutsuite
        • Docker Bench
      • Container Escape
      • Workload Runtime Attacks
      • Supply Chain Attacks
      • Misconfigurations
        • Network Segmentation
        • Network Controls
        • IAM Credentials
        • Public Access to Services
        • Exposed Storage Buckets
        • Logging Information Exposure
      • Azure Security : Components and Assessment Guide
        • Azure Security Assessment Tools : Installation and usuage
    • Identity and Access Management
    • Cloud Security
      • Cloud Engineering and Architecture concepts
      • Cloud Data Security
      • Cloud Platform and Infrastructure Security
      • Cloud Application Security
      • Cloud Security Operations
      • Cloud Legal, Risk and Compliance
      • Azure Security
      • Azure Pentest
    • DevSecOps
      • Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
        • Code Quality
        • CheckMarx
        • Sonarqube
          • Sonarqube Installation using Helm Chart on AKS
      • Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)
      • Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
      • SCA
      • Wazuh SIEM and XDR
        • Wazuh on Azure AKS
        • Azure + Argo
      • DevSecOps
    • Social Engineering
      • Vishing
      • Spearphishing
      • Smishing
      • Eavesdropping
      • Impersonation
      • Watering Hole
      • Shoulder Surfing
      • Whaling
      • Phishing
      • Tools
        • GoPhish
        • Beef
        • Evilginx
        • SET social engineering toolkit
    • DevOps
      • Kubernetes
        • Kubernetes Architecture and Components
        • Mastering kubectl: The Command Line Interface for Kubernetes
        • Overview of Kubernetes Tools and Utilities
        • Container vs Pod vs Deployment
        • Kubernetes and Docker Swarm
        • Deploying a Kubernetes Cluster Using Minikube
        • Deploying a Kubernetes Cluster Using Kind
        • Integrating Kubernetes with Azure Key Vault
        • Containers vs Virtual Machines
        • Comprehensive Guide to Kubernetes Security and Analysis Tools
        • Monitoring Kubernetes with Prometheus and Grafana
        • Introduction to Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) and Deploying Your First Cluster
        • Kubernetes Persistence with Backend Databases
        • Kubernetes StatefulSet vs. Deployment
        • DevSecOps Architecture for Kubernetes
      • Docker
      • Helm
        • Scenario : Configuring Azure Key Vault and Using Secrets in Helm Deployments
      • Git Ops
        • Argo CD
      • Git and Versioning
      • Terraform
      • Virtualization
    • Mobile Security
      • Android Mobile App Security Assessment
      • Suspicious Malware App Analysis
      • Android App Penetration Testing
      • Permission Abuse
      • Jailbreak/Rooting
      • Tools
        • MobSF
        • Drozer
        • Frida
    • IOT/OT/SCADA
      • Power Supply
        • Juice Jacking
      • RFID
      • Bluetooth
        • BlueJacking
        • Bluetooth Spamming
      • Ports and Services
      • Port Mirroring
      • Modbus Attack
      • CAN Bus Attack
      • Replay Attack
      • Memory Registry Attacks
      • Tools
        • BlueCrack
        • Scapy
        • TCP Replay
    • Network Security
      • Network Attacks
        • DNS Attacks
        • DDOS
      • Network Assessment
      • Wireshark
      • Zeek
      • Snort
      • TCPDump
      • Defensive Network
        • Firewalls
        • Intrusion Detection System
    • Wireless Attacks
      • Service Set Identifier (SSID)
      • Wardriving
      • Evil Twin Attack
      • Deauthentication Attacks
      • Signal Jamming
      • Channel Scanning
      • Signal Strength Scanning
      • Tools
        • WiFi Pumpkin
        • AirCrack Ng
        • Kismet
    • Purple Teaming
      • Tools
        • Infection Monkey
        • Atomic RedTeam
        • Caldera
    • Kubernetes Security
      • AKS Security
      • Kube-Hunter
      • KubeEscape
    • Hardware Security
    • Container Security
      • Grype
      • Trivy
      • Clair
    • AI
      • LLM (Large Language Models)
      • Prompt Engineering
      • AI Cyber Security Risk Management
        • AI Policies
      • AI Security
      • AI Attacks
        • Prompt Injection
        • Model Manipulation
      • Security Frameworks
        • MITRE ATLAS
        • OWASP Top 10 LLMs
        • NIST AI Risk Management Framework
    • Reverse Engineering
      • Scenarios
        • Browser Plugin
        • PDF document
        • Word Doc
        • Windows Binary File
        • Mobile App
      • Buffer Overflow
  • Operational Security
    • Identity and Access Management
      • Identity
      • Authentication
      • Accountability
      • Access Management
      • Authorization
      • Access Controls
    • Deception Technology
      • Honeypot
      • Honeynet
      • Honeyfile
      • Honey Token
    • Cryptography
      • Data at Rest
      • Data at Transit
      • Hashing
      • BlockChain
      • Digital Signatures
      • Certificates
      • Encryption
        • Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
          • Public Key
          • Private Key
        • Tools
      • Certification Preparation
        • Penetration Testing
        • GRC and Audit
    • File Integrity Monitoring
    • Data Security
      • DLP
    • Change Management
      • Impact Analysis
    • Malware Analysis
      • Malware Analysis Tool
      • Malware Analysis Books
      • university courses and resources related to malware analysis
      • Binary Analysis
    • Data Loss Prevention
    • Threat Modeling
      • Attack Surface Management
        • Introduction
      • Threats, Technologies, Procedures
        • Threat Actors
      • Threat Hunting
        • Indicators of Compromise
      • Threat Assessment
        • Threat Modeling
          • OCTAVE
          • DREAD
          • STRIDE
        • Threat Hunting
          • Threat Hunting Blogs
          • Ransomware: An Overview
          • Threat Hunting and Incident Response Q&A
          • Network Traffic Analysis: Wireshark
          • Threat Hunting Questionnaire
          • KQL
          • Email Header Analysis
          • TH
          • Windows Process Exploration
        • Threat Intelligence
          • Threat Intelligence Tools and Techniques
            • Yara
      • Malware Attacks
    • Digital Forensics
      • Network Forensics
      • Forensic Tool Analysis
      • Data Recovery
    • Endpoint Management
    • SOC/SOAR
      • Threat hunting scenarios
      • Log Management
        • AWS VPC flow log analysis
        • Linux Logs
        • Windows Logs
    • Ransomware Prevention
      • APT Groups
    • Security Automation
      • C
      • Powershell
      • Python
      • C++
      • GO
      • Rust
    • Incident Response
      • Scenarios
        • Windows : No Event Logs
      • Tools
        • Chainsaw
    • Defensive Security Controls
    • Physical Security
      • Physical Attacks
        • USB (Universal Serial Bus)
        • Tailgating
        • Lock Picking
        • RFID Cloning
          • Badge Cloning
    • Personal Security
    • Security Awareness and Training
    • Firewall
    • Network Access Control
    • Intrusion Detection System
    • Intrusion Prevention System
    • Operating System Security
    • Secure Protocol Usuage
    • Business Continuity
    • Email Security
    • DNS Filtering
    • user behaviour analytics
    • Host Security
    • Mobile Device Security
    • Change Management
    • Vulnerability Management
      • Vulnerability Assessment
        • Vulnerability Analysis
      • Types of Vulnerabilites
    • Penetration Testing/Red Teaming
    • Disaster Recovery
    • Logging and Monitoring
      • Monitoring
        • Systems
        • Infrastructure
        • Applications
      • Logging
        • Log Data
          • Application Logs
          • Network Logs
          • WAF Logs
          • IDS/IPS logs
          • OS logs
          • Endpoint Logs
          • Firewall Logs
        • Alerting
        • Log Aggregation
      • Tools
    • Endpoint
    • Security Metrics
  • Industry Specific Security:Case Studies
    • Aviation Security
      • The Integral Role of Airports in National Security : Operations Perspective
      • Cyber Attacks on Airports
      • Navigating the Complex Web of Airport Operations: Key Components and Leading Industry Providers
    • Aviation Security
  • Computational Science
    • Quantum Computing
      • Quantum Computing: Unleashing the Power of Qubits
    • Probability
  • Data Engineering
  • AI/ML and Data Science
    • Installation
      • Ollama
    • Machine Learning
    • Large Language Models (LLM)
    • Security Analytics
    • Untitled
      • Roles and Responsibilites
      • Azure AI Services
        • AI Services Security
        • Monitoring Azure AI Services
        • AI services on containers
  • Application Development
    • Django
  • Radom Topics :)
    • CSA WAI
  • CISSP
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On this page
  • Linux: A Journey Through Time and Technology
  • Introduction
  • The Genesis of Linux
  • Corporate Adoption and Influence
  • The Flavors of Linux
  • Use Cases of Different Linux Flavors

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  1. 101 Series
  2. Operating Systems

Linux 101

Linux: A Journey Through Time and Technology

Introduction

Linux, a name synonymous with the open-source revolution, stands as a remarkable example of collaborative software development. In this article, we'll explore Linux's history, its adoption by various companies, the diverse range of Linux distributions, and the multitude of use cases they cater to.

The Genesis of Linux

The Birth of an Idea (1991)

Linux's journey began in 1991 when a Finnish student, Linus Torvalds, started a project that later became the Linux kernel. Torvalds' work was influenced by Minix, a Unix-like system, and he sought to develop a free operating system kernel that anyone could use or modify.

The Rise of GNU/Linux

The Linux kernel combined with the GNU Project's tools, initiated by Richard Stallman in 1983 to create a free Unix-like operating system, resulted in the GNU/Linux operating system. This collaboration underlined the power of open-source development, harnessing contributions from programmers worldwide.

Corporate Adoption and Influence

Early Adopters

In the early 2000s, companies like IBM and Red Hat recognized Linux's potential, investing heavily and integrating it into their enterprise solutions. Their endorsement provided Linux with credibility in the corporate world, paving the way for widespread adoption.

The Role of Cloud Computing

The advent of cloud computing further boosted Linux's adoption. Cloud platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure rely heavily on Linux for their server operations. This reliance showcases Linux's robustness and scalability in handling massive cloud-based applications.

The Flavors of Linux

Open Source Distributions

  1. Debian: Known for its stability and vast software repository, Debian is often used as a base for other distributions.

  2. Fedora: Sponsored by Red Hat, Fedora is known for featuring cutting-edge technologies.

  3. Ubuntu: Based on Debian, Ubuntu is user-friendly, making it popular among new Linux users and in desktop environments.

Commercial Distributions

  1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL): Known for its reliability and enterprise support, RHEL is a preferred choice for many businesses.

  2. SUSE Linux Enterprise: Emphasizing on enterprise management and scalability, SUSE is widely used in corporate environments.

Free Source Distributions

  1. CentOS: A free derivative of RHEL, CentOS offers enterprise-class capabilities without the cost.

  2. Arch Linux: Known for its simplicity and customization, ideal for those who want to learn more about Linux internals.

Use Cases of Different Linux Flavors

Desktop Environments

  • Ubuntu: Preferred for general use, offering a user-friendly interface and a wide range of applications.

  • Fedora: Chosen by developers for its latest features and strong community support.

Enterprise Servers

  • RHEL and SUSE: Employed in critical enterprise servers for their stability and robust support.

Cloud Computing

  • Amazon Linux (AWS specific)**: Optimized for cloud environments, particularly in AWS ecosystems.

Embedded Systems

  • Yocto: A Linux distribution for creating custom embedded operating systems.

  • Raspberry Pi OS: Designed for the Raspberry Pi, it's widely used in educational and maker communities.

High-Performance Computing (HPC)

  • Scientific Linux: Developed by Fermilab and CERN, it's tailored for scientific and academic institutions.

  • Ubuntu LTS: The Long-Term Support version is preferred for its extended support period, crucial for long-term research projects.

Security and Privacy

  • Tails: Known for anonymity and privacy, often used by journalists and activists.

  • Kali Linux: Favored by security professionals and ethical hackers for penetration testing and security auditing.

Multimedia Production

  • Ubuntu Studio: Tailored for artists, it comes bundled with creative tools for audio, video, and graphic design.

Education

  • Edubuntu: An Ubuntu derivative designed for educational institutions, featuring educational software and tools.

Internet of Things (IoT)

  • Raspbian: For Raspberry Pi devices in IoT applications.

  • Ubuntu Core: A minimal version of Ubuntu, designed for IoT devices with a focus on security and reliability.

Linux's versatility, evidenced by its different flavors and use cases, underlines its adaptability to a wide range of computing needs. From powering enterprise servers to fueling innovations in cloud computing and IoT, Linux continues to be at the forefront of the open-source movement. Its journey from a student's project to a cornerstone of modern computing is a testament to the power of community-driven development. As technology evolves, so will Linux, adapting and growing to meet the ever-changing demands of the digital world.

References:

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Last updated 9 months ago

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