ARP and RARP
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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol):
ARP is a communication protocol that translates a device's logical IP address (e.g., 192.168.1.10) to its corresponding physical MAC address (e.g., 00:11:22:33:44:55) on a local area network (LAN). It acts like a phonebook for your network, mapping IP addresses to their hardware counterparts.
How ARP Works:
Sending Data: When a device (A) on a network wants to communicate with another device (B) using its IP address, device A doesn't know the physical MAC address of device B.
ARP Broadcast: Device A broadcasts an ARP request packet on the network containing the target IP address (of device B) and asking for the corresponding MAC address.
Response: All devices on the network receive the ARP request. Only device B, recognizing its own IP address in the request, responds with an ARP reply packet containing its MAC address.
Communication Established: Device A receives the ARP reply, learns device B's MAC address, and can now directly communicate by including the MAC address in the data packets it sends to device B.
Benefits of ARP:
Enables communication between devices using IP addresses, which are easier to remember and manage than MAC addresses.
Improves network efficiency by caching ARP entries for recently communicated devices, reducing the need for frequent broadcasts.
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol): (Less common than ARP)
RARP is a less commonly used protocol compared to ARP. It performs the opposite function, translating a device's physical MAC address to its IP address. RARP is typically used in situations where a device, like a diskless workstation, boots up and needs to obtain its IP address before it can participate on the network.
Commands to view ARP Cache:
Windows:
Open a Command Prompt window (search for "cmd" in the Start menu).
Type arp -a and press Enter. This will display the ARP cache, showing mappings between IP addresses and MAC addresses.
Linux:
Open a terminal window.
Type arp -a and press Enter. This will provide a similar output to the Windows command, displaying the ARP cache.
Additional Notes:
ARP and RARP are essential protocols for enabling communication on LANs.
While RARP is less frequently used, understanding both protocols provides a more comprehensive understanding of network address resolution mechanisms.