# Web Application Security

OWASP Top 10

The **OWASP Top 10** is a widely recognized and respected document that highlights the top ten most critical web application security risks. It is published by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP), a nonprofit organization focused on improving the security of software. The OWASP Top 10 provides guidance to developers, security professionals, and organizations on common vulnerabilities and security issues that should be addressed to secure web applications effectively.

The latest version of the OWASP Top 10 (as of my knowledge cutoff date in January 2022) is the **OWASP Top Ten Project 2021**. Below are the top ten web application security risks outlined in this document:

1. **Injection (A1):** Injection vulnerabilities occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. The attacker's input can trick the interpreter into executing unintended commands, potentially leading to data breaches or system compromise. Common types include SQL injection and NoSQL injection.
2. **Broken Authentication (A2):** This risk arises when an application does not adequately protect user authentication credentials and session management. Weaknesses in this area can lead to unauthorized access, session hijacking, or account takeovers.
3. **Sensitive Data Exposure (A3):** Inadequate protection of sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or personal information, can result in data breaches. Developers must ensure proper encryption, hashing, and secure storage of sensitive data.
4. **XML External Entities (XXE) (A4):** XXE vulnerabilities occur when an application processes XML input from untrusted sources without proper validation and protection. Attackers can exploit XXE to access sensitive files, execute remote requests, or disrupt application functionality.
5. **Broken Access Control (A5):** This risk involves improper enforcement of access controls, allowing unauthorized users to perform actions or access data they should not have access to. Effective access control mechanisms must be implemented to mitigate this risk.
6. **Security Misconfiguration (A6):** Security misconfigurations can lead to vulnerabilities and unauthorized access. Developers must ensure that security settings, server configurations, and third-party components are properly configured and hardened.
7. **Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (A7):** XSS vulnerabilities occur when an application includes untrusted data in web pages returned to users. Attackers can inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of a victim's browser, potentially stealing data or performing actions on behalf of the user.
8. **Insecure Deserialization (A8):** Insecure deserialization vulnerabilities can lead to remote code execution or other attacks when an application deserializes untrusted data without proper validation. Attackers can exploit this to execute arbitrary code or manipulate objects.
9. **Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities (A9):** Many web applications rely on third-party components, libraries, and frameworks. If these components have known vulnerabilities and are not updated or patched, attackers can exploit them to compromise the application.
10. **Insufficient Logging and Monitoring (A10):** Effective logging and monitoring are essential for detecting and responding to security incidents. Applications must generate comprehensive logs and implement monitoring solutions to identify and respond to suspicious activities.

Organizations and development teams should use the OWASP Top 10 as a reference to prioritize security efforts, conduct security testing, and implement best practices to mitigate these risks in their web applications. It's important to note that the threat landscape evolves, so staying updated with the latest version of the OWASP Top 10 and adapting security practices accordingly is crucial for effective web application security.

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Reference of above picture from [https://twitter.com/securing\_bits/status/1770405064395612449/photo/1](https://twitter.com/securing_bits/status/1770405064395612449/photo/1)
